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JNK belongs to the JNK P38 MAP kinase pathway. and significantly correlated with early tumour node-metastasis staging, differentiation status and positively correlated with overall survival and disease-free survival of the patients. WISP-2 expression was inversely correlated with that of Twist and Slug in paired samples. Kd of WISP-2 expression promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells. WISP-2 suppressed GC cell metastasis through reversing EMT and suppressing the expression and activity of MMP9 and MMP2 via JNK and ERK. Cell motility analysis indicated that WISP-2 kd contributed to GC cells’ motility and can be attenuated by PLC-and JNK small inhibitors. Conclusions: Increased expression of WISP-2 in GC is positively correlated with favourable clinical features and the survival of patients with GC and is a negative regulator of growth, migration and invasion in GC cells. These findings suggest that WISP-2 is a potential tumour suppressor in GC. (nephroblastoma overexpressed gene; Bork, 1993), which are now designated as CCN1, CCN2 and CCN3. There are three other family members WISP-1, WISP-2 and WISP-3, which are designated as CCN4, CCN5 and CCN6 (Brigstock, 2003). It has been shown that WISP proteins are upregulated in Wnt-1-transformed cells (Pennica studies suggest loss of WISP-2 signalling may be a crucial permissive event for EMT and ECM degradation and cell migration. Materials and methods Chemicals We purchased the following materials from Life Technologies (Paisley, Scotland, UK): PCR primers, molecular-biology-grade agarose, DNA ladder, pEF6/V5-His-TOPO plasmid vector and competent One Shot TOP10 We obtained the Mastermix for routine PCR and quantitative PCR from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Surrey, UK). WISP-1, 2 and 3 antibodies were purchased from Abgent Inc. (Atlanta, GA, USA; Cat Number: AP6255a, AP6256a and AP6257a). Anti-GAPHD antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnologies Inc (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). A potent PLC-cell growth assay A standard procedure was used as previously described (Jiang cell-matrix adhesion assay A total of 40?000 cells were added to each well of a 96-well plates previously prepared by coating with Matrigel (5?invasion assay This was carried out as previously reported and modified in our laboratory (Jiang wounding assay Cells were seeded into a Ptprb 24-well plate at a density of 200?000 per well and allowed to form a monolayer, which was then scraped to create a wound about 200?with WISP-2-negative tumours) and a longer disease-free survival (with negative tumours; Figure 1I and J). Table 2 Association of WISP-1, WISP-2 and WISP-3 protein expression with clinicolpathological parameters in gastric cancer patients valueb23.9614.11, 27.635, 207.3619.71, Difloxacin HCl 153.6610.01, 145.1618.66, 161.3940.38, inhibitor (STK870702, Vitas-M Laboratory Ltd; 1.12?inhibitor STK870702, the migration distance of HGC27 WISP-2 kd cells (Resistance) decreased significantly as the concentration increased from 0.112 to 1 1.125?inhibitor did not change the migration distance of pEF cells significantly at any concentrations (*(B) and JNK (C) pathways. Incubation of HGC27 WISP-2 kd cells with both 0.75?small inhibitors and 1.5?with WISP2 tumour/normal ratio are an interesting observation. Although WISP2 transcript levels were high in cancer tissues and low in normal gastric tissues and one would expect that the WISP2 levels in cancer and the tumour/normal ratio of the transcript to be in line with each other, the experimental data, however, indicated otherwise. One possibility is that the levels of WISP2 transcript in a tumour Difloxacin HCl are independent of that seen in the counterpart normal tissue. Together with the data which showed a tumour-suppressive role of WISP2 in GC cell lines, it is suggested that the levels of WISP2 transcript in tumours, rather than the tumour-to-normal ratio is an more appropriate reflection of the role of WISP2 in GC. This study has provided new data Difloxacin HCl that expression of WISP-2 at mRNA and protein levels are also aberrant in GC. Positive WISP-2 protein staining in GC are associated with a longer survival of the patients, and with differentiation of GC cells in gastric tumour, namely, 23 out of 37 (62%) positively stained in well/moderate differentiated tumours 58 out of 140 (41%) in poorly differentiated tumours. Thus, in line with the reports in breast cancer, the current study would support the hypothesis that WISP-2 is a candidate biomarker.