Image Annotation == Annotation in digital medical imaging is a core medical interpretation method in both the clinical and the research settings [13]. data without losing mobility. TissueWikiMobilefurnishes the health community a ubiquitous way to collaborate and share their expert opinions not only on the performance of various antibodies stains but also on histology image annotation. Keywords: histological image, mobile medical device, image annotation, knowledge sharing == I. Intro == With advances in the past decade, mobile devices have increasingly drawn the attention of the medical research community. They provide users with a just-in- time solution to access to and process important medical knowledge. In this paper, we introduce our application calledTissueWikiMobile, which provides a mobile-based platform to browse and process online cancer-related knowledge. TissueWikiMobilecommunicates with our web-based TissueWiki, which currently contains data from the Human Protein Atlas and is being expanded continuously to provide relevant clinical meta-data for different interest groups. Thus, TissueWikiMobileprovides a ubiquitous cancer research extension to TissueWiki. In this section, we address the current state of mobile medical application. Then we introduce the background Donepezil Rabbit Polyclonal to CHST10 of TissueWikiMobilein section II. Section III proposes the architecture, prototype, and the capabilities of the tool. Section IV focus on the tool’s usability and the evaluation of system performance. We finally make our conclusions in section V. == A. Need for Ubiquitous Medical Imaging Platforms == Recent advances in both computing hardware and software intended for mobile devices enable portable, high- function extensions to traditional computing platforms. Google Sky Map [1], a mobile extension to Google Sky [2], is a good example that helps people identify the celestial stars and constellations by simply pointing their phone at the sky. These web- and mobile-based tools start a new evolution of astronomy visualization from traditional careful observation using naked eye, to telescopic photographs via a personal computer screen and even a small view on a mobile device. In addition to telescopic images from far reaches of our marco-universe, people are also eager to explore the micro-universe of the human body using microscopic images. More and more practitioners in health community rely on mobile devices to access important medical images for immediate diagnosis anytime without any spatial constraint. Each medical image should be processed in order to extract insightful information for disease interpretation. By communicating with a central repository that can store and manage images with correspondence knowledge, mobile devices Donepezil can play a just-in-time role of creating and sharing image content around the world so as to improve the efficiency of disease diagnosis and treatment. The Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) [3] seems a nearest solution to the above repository system. PACSs allow of integration and viewing of information from various sources such as pathology, radiology from different departments. However , PACSs only support Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) format of a select number of image modalities such as magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET). There are no known efforts to extend DICOM to histology images so new repositories are needed. == B. Apple iPhone and iPad == TheApple iPhoneandiPadwere launched in 2007 and 2010, respectively. TissueWikiMobileis developed on them in the following considerations. 1) Their software development kits (SDKs) allow developers to easily develop third party applications (apps) and deploy them through the Apple’sApp Storewhich is the largest online application store in the world. 2) The SDKs provide organized views (e. g. navigation and table views) that can systematically display complex biomedical data. 3) The advanced touch-sensitive screen enables users to interact with images using simple Donepezil finger operations (e. g. two-finger zooming and one-finger panning) which is ideal for high-resolution medical image browsing. 4) Their wireless network technologies make TissueWikiMobilebe able to seamlessly upload and retrieve data from its central database. == C. Current Mobile Medical Applications == Table Ishows examples of knowledge available through mobile medical applications. Unlike TissuewikiMobile, these applications do not capture expert knowledge from the users in order to realize bidirectional knowledge transfer. == TABLE I. MOBILE MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE RETRIEVAL Donepezil APPLICATIONS. == == II. Background == == A. The Human Protein Atlas == Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique to detect the presence of specific antigens in tissue sections via interaction of labeled antibodies [9-10]. Several institutes have already worked towards establishing public image resources on.